Overfishing and Marine Conservation

Текст задания
A
Fish are an important food source for billions of people around the world. Many countries depend on fish to feed their people and to support their economy. However, the number of fish in the oceans has been falling quickly in recent years. This problem is called overfishing, and it happens when people catch fish faster than the fish can reproduce. As a result, some types of fish are now in danger of disappearing completely from certain parts of the ocean.
B
Overfishing occurs for several clear reasons. First, modern fishing boats are much larger and more powerful than boats used in the past. These boats can catch thousands of fish in a single trip. Second, new technology helps fishermen find fish more easily. They use special equipment that shows where large groups of fish are swimming. Third, the demand for fish has increased because the world's population is growing. More people need more food, so fishing companies try to catch as many fish as possible to make money.
C
The effects of overfishing are serious for ocean life. When too many adult fish are removed from the water, fewer young fish are born the next year. This means the fish population gets smaller over time. Some fish species have already decreased by more than 90 percent in certain areas. For example, bluefin tuna was once common in many oceans, but now it is quite rare. When one type of fish disappears, it affects other ocean animals that depend on that fish for food.
D
Overfishing also creates problems for people who make their living from the sea. In many coastal towns, fishing has been the main job for families over many years. When fish become scarce, these fishermen catch fewer fish and earn less money. Some fishing communities have lost their traditional way of life because the fish they used to catch are no longer available in sufficient numbers. This forces people to find different types of work or move to other places.
E
Governments and scientists have started working together to protect fish populations. One common method is to create protected ocean areas where fishing is not allowed. These areas give fish a safe place to grow and reproduce without being caught. Another approach is to set catch limits, which means fishermen can only take a certain number of fish each year. Some countries also ban fishing during the breeding season, when fish lay their eggs. This helps ensure that enough young fish survive to replace the ones that are caught.
F
Individual fishing companies are also making changes to reduce harm to ocean life. Some boats now use special nets with larger holes that allow young fish to escape. This means only bigger, older fish are caught. Other companies have agreed to avoid fishing in areas where endangered species live. These efforts help protect not only fish but also other sea animals like turtles and dolphins that sometimes get trapped in fishing nets by accident.
G
Consumers can play a role in marine conservation as well. People can choose to buy fish that come from well-managed fisheries. Several organizations provide labels that show which fish are caught in sustainable ways. Sustainable fishing means catching fish at a rate that allows the population to stay healthy over time. When shoppers select these products, they support fishing methods that protect the ocean. Education programs in schools and communities also help people understand why ocean conservation matters and what they can do to help.

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Questions 1 to 19

Answer the following questions based on the passage

1.The problem of catching fish faster than they can reproduce is called ___.

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2.Fish are an important food source for billions of ___ around the world.

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3.Modern fishing boats are much larger and more ___ than boats used in the past.

0 / 3 words

4.Fishermen use special ___ that shows where large groups of fish are swimming.

0 / 3 words

5.The demand for fish has increased because the world's ___ is growing.

0 / 3 words

6.Modern fishing boats can catch thousands of fish in a single ___.

0 / 3 words

7.When too many adult fish are removed from the water, fewer ___ fish are born the next year.

0 / 3 words

8.Some fish species have already decreased by more than 90 percent in certain ___.

0 / 3 words

9.___ was once common in many oceans, but now it is quite rare.

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10.In many coastal towns, ___ has been the main job for families over many years.

0 / 3 words

11.Some fishing communities have lost their traditional way of ___ because fish are no longer available in sufficient numbers.

0 / 3 words

12.Governments and ___ have started working together to protect fish populations.

0 / 3 words

13.Protected ocean areas give fish a safe place to grow and ___.

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14.___ means fishermen can only take a certain number of fish each year.

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15.Some countries ban fishing during the ___, when fish lay their eggs.

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16.Some boats now use special nets with larger ___ that allow young fish to escape.

0 / 3 words

17.Sea animals like turtles and ___ sometimes get trapped in fishing nets by accident.

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18.People can choose to buy fish that come from well-managed ___.

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19.___ means catching fish at a rate that allows the population to stay healthy over time.

0 / 3 words