Light Pollution and Its Effects

Reading passage
A
Light pollution happens when artificial light from human sources brightens the night sky. This extra light comes from street lights, buildings, cars, and outdoor signs. In cities and towns, the sky often looks orange or grey at night instead of dark. Many people cannot see stars because there is too much light around them. Light pollution has become a serious problem in many parts of the world. Scientists now study how this bright sky affects nature and human health.
B
The main cause of light pollution is outdoor lighting that points upward or sideways. Street lights often send light in all directions instead of just down to the ground. Buildings leave their lights on at night even when no one is inside. Large shopping areas use very bright lights to attract customers. Sports fields and parking areas also add to the problem. All of this light goes up into the sky and creates a bright glow over cities.
C
Light pollution affects wild animals in many harmful ways. Many birds travel long distances at night using stars to find their way. When the sky is too bright, birds become confused and fly into buildings. Sea turtles also face problems because baby turtles use moonlight to find the ocean after they are born. If there are bright lights on the beach, the young turtles move toward the lights instead of the water. As a result, many baby turtles die before they reach the sea.
D
Insects are also harmed by too much artificial light at night. Moths and other night insects are attracted to bright lights. They fly around street lights for hours instead of looking for food or laying eggs. This behaviour makes them easy targets for animals that hunt them. In addition, these insects become too tired to reproduce. Scientists have found that insect numbers are falling in areas with high levels of light pollution.
E
Light pollution can affect human health as well. The human body uses darkness as a signal to produce a chemical called melatonin. This chemical helps people feel sleepy and controls the body's natural sleep cycle. When people are exposed to bright light at night, their bodies make less melatonin. As a result, they may have trouble falling asleep or sleeping well. Poor sleep can lead to other health problems over time.
F
There are several simple ways to reduce light pollution. Cities can use better street lights that point downward and have covers on top. People can turn off outdoor lights when they are not needed. Using motion sensors helps because lights only turn on when someone is nearby. Choosing warmer coloured lights instead of bright white lights also helps. These changes can make the night sky darker without making streets unsafe.
G
Some countries have started to protect dark skies in certain areas. They create special parks where artificial lighting is not allowed or is very limited. People can visit these parks to see stars clearly and enjoy the natural night sky. These protected areas also provide safe spaces for animals that need darkness. More than one hundred dark sky parks now exist around the world. They show that people can still have modern lighting while protecting the night environment.

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Questions 1 to 20

Answer the following questions based on the passage

1.Light pollution occurs when ___ from human sources brightens the night sky.

0 / 3 words

2.Extra light comes from street lights, buildings, cars, and ___.

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3.In cities and towns, the sky often looks ___ at night instead of dark.

0 / 3 words

4.The main cause of light pollution is ___ that points upward or sideways.

0 / 3 words

5.Street lights often send light in ___ instead of just down to the ground.

0 / 3 words

6.All of this light goes up into the sky and creates a ___ over cities.

0 / 3 words

7.Many birds travel long distances at night using ___ to find their way.

0 / 3 words

8.When the sky is too bright, birds become confused and fly into ___.

0 / 3 words

9.Baby turtles use ___ to find the ocean after they are born.

0 / 3 words

10.Moths and other night insects are attracted to ___.

0 / 3 words

11.Insects fly around street lights for hours instead of looking for food or ___.

0 / 3 words

12.This behaviour makes insects ___ for animals that hunt them.

0 / 3 words

13.___ are falling in areas with high levels of light pollution.

0 / 3 words

14.The human body uses darkness as a signal to produce a chemical called ___.

0 / 3 words

15.Melatonin helps people feel sleepy and controls the body's natural ___.

0 / 3 words

16.When people are exposed to bright light at night, their bodies make ___.

0 / 3 words

17.Cities can use better street lights that point downward and have ___ on top.

0 / 3 words

18.Using ___ helps because lights only turn on when someone is nearby.

0 / 3 words

19.Choosing ___ instead of bright white lights also helps reduce light pollution.

0 / 3 words

20.More than one hundred ___ now exist around the world.

0 / 3 words